MKK

ThedatabaseofseedremainscontainstheresultsofthearchaeobotanicalresearchinHungarythatreachesbackmorethan140years.Overthisperiod50researchersprocessedca.500archaeologicalsites.Thedatabaseshowsapproximately10millionseedsof800planttaxa(mostlyspecies)identifiedfromtheNeolithictotheModernAge.
ThedatabaseoftheseedremainsfromHungarianexcavations,indicatingspeciesandnumberofitemswasclassifiedonthebasisofperiodsandsites,rangingfromtheNeolithictotheModernAge,whichmakesitpossibletoreconstructtheconditionsof27(100-700yearlong)periodsin93000km2.TheseedremainsalsoshedlightonweedhistoryandtheenvironmentalchangestakingplaceinHungaryinthelasteightthousandyears.

This investigation focuses on the transformation of the settlement pattern of a lowland landscape as a social response to the hydrological challenges emerging in the late 13th century (c.) overture of the Little Ice Age (LIA). Results of the applied zonal analysis suggested a strong spatial connection between the geomorphological conditions, the agro-ecological suitability (good-excellent, medium and low) and the stability or instability of settlement patterns. The elevation means of archaeological sites in the deserted zones proved significantly lower than those in zones with permanent settlement pattern (Brunner-Munzel test p 0.01; n ¼ 377). Additionally, the late medieval (14th-mid-16th centuries) site group was situated, on average, significantly higher than the high medieval (late 10th-13th centuries) site group within the permanent zones (Brunner-Munzel test p 0.01; n ¼ 219). These outcomes statistically confirm that not only did low-lying inhabited areas shrink significantly, but they also displaced vertically in the first phase of the LIA. When analysing the relation of settlement pattern to soil conditions, the proportion of areas with good-excellent agro-ecological suitability proved 1.5e2 times higher in the permanent zones than in the deserted and uninhabited settlement suitability zones. Using the linear model, different regression coefficients appeared between the extension of the high and medium agro-ecological suitability zones and the number of high and late medieval settlements. The different coefficients in the studied two periods suggest that the issue of agroecological suitability in the High Middle Ages did not bear such importance as in the late Middle Ages. The findings of the paper may contribute to answering the question why the relatively dense settlement pattern of the deserted zones was abandoned almost completely by the end of the 13th c. in areas where flood proneness and weak agro-ecological suitability both meant a serious risk for human communities. Finally, we presumed that if hydro-climatic changes increased water levels, they must have changed the plant composition of the studied landscape as well. Chi-squared test of macrofossil plant remains (narchaeological site ¼ 55; ntaxon ¼ 330) shows that the second part of the 13th c. saw the ratio of species from humid habitat types grow (Х 2 ¼ 7.81; df ¼ 1; p ¼ 0.02). Comparison of the two studied processes indicates a broad syn-chronism between the shrinkage of inhabited areas and the increasing proportion of plants with humid environment tolerance during the second part of the 13th c. The reconstructed transformations in the composition of plant remains and settlement structure signal not a mere transitional change, but a 'longue dur ee' structural transformation of the landscape.

– The results of floristic researches in abandoned vineyards of Cserhát Hills (Northeastern Hungary) between 2007 and 2014 are presented along with an account of relevant floristic literature and specimens of the Herbarium Carpato–Pannonicum Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Data of protected species and locally or generally rare ones are presented. Occurrences of Equisetum × moorei, Hesperis sylvestris, Gentiana cruciata, Scabiosa canescens, Campanula macro-stachya, Carlina acaulis, Centaurea indurata, C. stenolepis, Epipactis atrorubens and Orchis ustulata subsp. aestivalis are especially significant. Some new localities of the following species are also empha-Összefoglalás – Jelen közleményben a Cserhát-vidék középtáj 7 kistájának felhagyott szőlőiben 2007 és 2014 között folytatott vizsgálataink során rögzített adatainkat adjuk közre. Ezek egy részének eddig nem volt adata az adott kistáj, vagy a Cserhát-vidék középtáj területéről: Equisetum × moorei, Hesperis sylvestris, Gentiana cruciata, Scabiosa canescens, Campanula macrostachya, Carlina acaulis, Centaurea indurata, C. stenolepis, Epipactis atrorubens , Orchis ustulata subsp. aestivalis. Felsoroltuk a védett, de az Észak-magyarországi-középhegység – vagy annak egyes tagjai – területén nem ritka fajokat is:, O. purpurea, O. militaris, O. × hybrida. Emellett bemutatjuk az országos vagy regionális viszonylatban ritka vagy szórványos, de védelem alatt nem álló fajok elő-fordulásaira vonatozó adatainkat: Nigella arvensis, Ranunculus arvensis, Rapistrum perenne, Chamaecytisus virescens, Ch. austriacus, Colutea arborescens, Vicia pannonica subsp. striata, Lathyrus nissolia, Hippocrepis comosa, Euphorbia salicifolia, Thymelaea passerina, Epilobium collinum, Caucalis platycarpos, Teucrium montanum, Senecio erucifolius, Xeranthemum cylindraceum, Allium rotundum.
(The paper is in Hungarian language.)